OpenAI: Higgsfield Says One Engineer Now Delivers Features In A Day
OpenAI published a customer story about Higgsfield AI, a video company that pays for its API, and the striking line in it comes with no number attached.
Transcript
OpenAI says one Higgsfield engineer now delivers new features within a day. The story reports no measured results.
OpenAI describes Higgsfield AI as a tool for video workflows and for small business video ads.
Higgsfield says a single prompt turns a top performing ad into one hundred variations. The page adds that those can target different countries.
OpenAI writes that GPT six Astra also speeds feature development inside Higgsfield. The chief executive points to long horizon task planning.
OpenAI published this story about a company that buys its models. Every claim comes from Higgsfield with no independent testing.
Inboxsmith builds AI phone and email agents for small business. Please like and subscribe for more news.
Sources
Every claim in this video comes from the top ranking coverage of this topic. The claims and where each one came from:
- COVERS: HOOK SENTENCE ONE. NARRATED: "OpenAI says one Higgsfield engineer now delivers new features within a day." SUPPORT: article.txt line 62, OpenAI's own prose, "Inside Higgsfield, GPT-6 Astra helps a single engineer deliver new features within a day", which is what "OpenAI says" cites; the same claim is voiced by the company at line 54 and attributed at line 55 to "Alex Mashrabov, Co-founder and CEO, Higgsfield AI": "We are very excited about GPT-6 Astra helping us to deliver new exploration features just within a day. And this now can be done by just one engineer." WORDING: REVISION NOTE for repair cycle 1, "one Higgsfield engineer" replaces "a single Higgsfield engineer" so that the bigram "a single" is not shared with scene 2 sentence one, and "within a day" is the article's own wording at line 54 and removes the "in a" bigram that the transcriber's first repetition loop latched onto; the earlier repair also re-opened this sentence on "OpenAI" rather than on "Higgsfield's" because the ElevenLabs voice stuttered on a leading possessive proper noun across two rolls, producing "Higgs, Higgsfield's CEO says", and that fix is retained; the attribution to OpenAI is accurate because line 62 is OpenAI's narration rather than a quotation, and "Higgsfield" survives as a mid-sentence modifier on "engineer" where the stutter does not occur; "new features" are Higgsfield's own features, never an OpenAI release, and no launch verb appears anywhere in the script; the date is never spoken; single comma-free clause, no list.(First-party OpenAI customer story titled "Higgsfield AI ships new video features in a day with GPT-6 Astra", published in OpenAI's Startup customer-story series and dated September 21 2026 at article.txt lines 30 to 33; OpenAI is both the publisher and the vendor whose API Higgsfield pays to use, with the page's own metadata block reading "Company size: Startup" / "Region: North America" / "Industry: Technology" / "Products: API" at lines 35 to 42, so every claim on the page is self-reported by Higgsfield or published by OpenAI on Higgsfield's behalf; article.txt contains no metric, no benchmark, no independent test and no third-party coverage anywhere, and the only figure in the whole body is the illustrative example prompt at line 57; the page is vendor marketing collateral and not an announcement, carrying "Start building" calls to action at line 34 and line 66 and an "OpenAI <3 startups / Join the community" block at lines 64 to 65, and the word "ships" in the headline refers to Higgsfield shipping its own features, not to any release by OpenAI; openai.com returns 403 to WebFetch so the alert-time snapshot captured at article.txt line 2 (2026-09-21T20:01:32.591Z) is the source of record; the page body lists "Region: North America" at lines 37 to 38, which is inside the channel's US focus; yt-dlp returned 0 of 5 transcripts so there is no corroboration pool and no outside channel is named. Curly quotation marks and non-breaking hyphens in the snapshot were normalized to plain ones in the quotations below.)
- COVERS: HOOK SENTENCE TWO. NARRATED: "The story reports no measured results." SUPPORT: a full sweep of the article body, lines 45 through 63, returns no measured outcome of any kind. There is no time saved, no cost, no error rate, no accuracy score, no user count, no revenue figure and no before and after comparison. Every benefit statement is qualitative and attributed to a person or to OpenAI itself: line 53, "GPT-6 Astra supports both sides of that mission: improving ad creation for customers and accelerating feature development inside Higgsfield"; line 59, "this is where we have seen major improvements with the GPT-6 model"; line 63, "Higgsfield brings new creative tools to market faster." The only number anywhere in the body is the 100 inside the example prompt at line 57, which is a request a user types rather than a result anyone measured. WORDING: this beat exists partly to carry the honesty point early, in the first five seconds rather than at the end, and it now also carries the "no measured result" disclosure that was cut from scene 4 sentence two for word budget, so the point is still made in the video and the honesty beat is not weakened; the absence is attributed to the document itself rather than framed as doubt about Higgsfield, which is the defensible framing; "The story" rather than "OpenAI's story" both saves a word and avoids a second leading possessive; hookCardWave2 renders beats[0] and beats[1], so the hook is deliberately two sentences and eighteen words total.(First-party OpenAI customer story titled "Higgsfield AI ships new video features in a day with GPT-6 Astra", published in OpenAI's Startup customer-story series and dated September 21 2026 at article.txt lines 30 to 33; OpenAI is both the publisher and the vendor whose API Higgsfield pays to use, with the page's own metadata block reading "Company size: Startup" / "Region: North America" / "Industry: Technology" / "Products: API" at lines 35 to 42, so every claim on the page is self-reported by Higgsfield or published by OpenAI on Higgsfield's behalf; article.txt contains no metric, no benchmark, no independent test and no third-party coverage anywhere, and the only figure in the whole body is the illustrative example prompt at line 57; the page is vendor marketing collateral and not an announcement, carrying "Start building" calls to action at line 34 and line 66 and an "OpenAI <3 startups / Join the community" block at lines 64 to 65, and the word "ships" in the headline refers to Higgsfield shipping its own features, not to any release by OpenAI; openai.com returns 403 to WebFetch so the alert-time snapshot captured at article.txt line 2 (2026-09-21T20:01:32.591Z) is the source of record; the page body lists "Region: North America" at lines 37 to 38, which is inside the channel's US focus; yt-dlp returned 0 of 5 transcripts so there is no corroboration pool and no outside channel is named. Curly quotation marks and non-breaking hyphens in the snapshot were normalized to plain ones in the quotations below.)
- COVERS: SCENE 1, the whole scene, a single sentence. NARRATED: "OpenAI describes Higgsfield AI as a tool for video workflows and for small business video ads." SUPPORT: article.txt line 53 carries both source ideas in consecutive sentences, "Higgsfield AI ... helps creatives complete video workflows end to end with AI. Its mission is to make creative storytelling more accessible to professionals around the world, including small businesses using video ads to sell." WORDING: "describes ... as" replaces the earlier "says ... helps" to break the repeated attributive phrasing, because the local Whisper transcriber latched onto the near-identical opening n-gram that started six of the script's sentences and went into a repetition loop; the two source ideas joined at line 53, the video workflow capability and the small business video ad mission, are connected with the conjunction "and" rather than set out as a comma list, because commas and multi-item lists measurably slow the read, about 2.18 words per second against about 2.65 for comma-free prose, and this script has no timing headroom; "tool" is a plain gloss on what line 53 describes and asserts nothing the page does not; "end to end" is dropped as a figure of speech; "make creative storytelling more accessible to professionals around the world" is dropped as unmeasurable promotional language; the descriptor is attributed to OpenAI out loud because it is the vendor page's own characterization of its paying customer and no outside party describes the company anywhere in article.txt; no figure and no comma.(First-party OpenAI customer story titled "Higgsfield AI ships new video features in a day with GPT-6 Astra", published in OpenAI's Startup customer-story series and dated September 21 2026 at article.txt lines 30 to 33; OpenAI is both the publisher and the vendor whose API Higgsfield pays to use, with the page's own metadata block reading "Company size: Startup" / "Region: North America" / "Industry: Technology" / "Products: API" at lines 35 to 42, so every claim on the page is self-reported by Higgsfield or published by OpenAI on Higgsfield's behalf; article.txt contains no metric, no benchmark, no independent test and no third-party coverage anywhere, and the only figure in the whole body is the illustrative example prompt at line 57; the page is vendor marketing collateral and not an announcement, carrying "Start building" calls to action at line 34 and line 66 and an "OpenAI <3 startups / Join the community" block at lines 64 to 65, and the word "ships" in the headline refers to Higgsfield shipping its own features, not to any release by OpenAI; openai.com returns 403 to WebFetch so the alert-time snapshot captured at article.txt line 2 (2026-09-21T20:01:32.591Z) is the source of record; the page body lists "Region: North America" at lines 37 to 38, which is inside the channel's US focus; yt-dlp returned 0 of 5 transcripts so there is no corroboration pool and no outside channel is named. Curly quotation marks and non-breaking hyphens in the snapshot were normalized to plain ones in the quotations below.)
- COVERS: SCENE 2 SENTENCE ONE. NARRATED: "Higgsfield says a single prompt turns a top performing ad into one hundred variations." SUPPORT: article.txt line 57, "Creating ads with Higgsfield can start with a simple request, such as 'Take my top-performing ad and generate 100 new variations.' With GPT-6 selected, the workflow turns that request into new creative directions for an existing ad to generate variations", together with line 58, "For small businesses, this makes it easier to explore different versions of an ad through a single prompt." WORDING: "a single prompt" is taken verbatim from line 58 and is used in place of "one prompt" specifically so that the script's only other number word, the "one hundred" later in this same sentence, is not sitting next to a second "one", since two similar numbers spoken close together send the render auditor's transcriber into a repetition loop; this is also why hook sentence one now reads "one Higgsfield engineer" instead of "a single Higgsfield engineer", so the "a single" bigram appears exactly once in the script rather than twice; the figure is spoken as words per house style and appears as 100 only on the scene card; the hyphen is removed from "top-performing" because hyphenated compounds stutter through text-to-speech re-rolls; "new creative directions" is dropped as unmeasurable marketing language; "Higgsfield says" carries the attribution because the workflow described is Higgsfield's own product behaviour reported by its vendor, and nothing here is a measured outcome, only an example request a user types.(First-party OpenAI customer story titled "Higgsfield AI ships new video features in a day with GPT-6 Astra", published in OpenAI's Startup customer-story series and dated September 21 2026 at article.txt lines 30 to 33; OpenAI is both the publisher and the vendor whose API Higgsfield pays to use, with the page's own metadata block reading "Company size: Startup" / "Region: North America" / "Industry: Technology" / "Products: API" at lines 35 to 42, so every claim on the page is self-reported by Higgsfield or published by OpenAI on Higgsfield's behalf; article.txt contains no metric, no benchmark, no independent test and no third-party coverage anywhere, and the only figure in the whole body is the illustrative example prompt at line 57; the page is vendor marketing collateral and not an announcement, carrying "Start building" calls to action at line 34 and line 66 and an "OpenAI <3 startups / Join the community" block at lines 64 to 65, and the word "ships" in the headline refers to Higgsfield shipping its own features, not to any release by OpenAI; openai.com returns 403 to WebFetch so the alert-time snapshot captured at article.txt line 2 (2026-09-21T20:01:32.591Z) is the source of record; the page body lists "Region: North America" at lines 37 to 38, which is inside the channel's US focus; yt-dlp returned 0 of 5 transcripts so there is no corroboration pool and no outside channel is named. Curly quotation marks and non-breaking hyphens in the snapshot were normalized to plain ones in the quotations below.)
- COVERS: SCENE 2 SENTENCE TWO. NARRATED: "The page adds that those can target different countries." SUPPORT: article.txt line 57, "the workflow turns that request into new creative directions for an existing ad to generate variations, such as customizing the ads for different countries." WORDING: "The page adds" replaces the earlier "OpenAI says" for the same reason scene 1 was reworded, namely that six sentences opening on a near-identical attributive n-gram is what the local Whisper transcriber's repetition decoder latched onto; the attribution is still explicit and still points at the same publisher, because hook sentence one and scene 1 have already established that the page is OpenAI's; "can target" preserves the article's "such as" framing, which offers country customization as one illustration of what the workflow may do rather than as a delivered outcome; "those" refers to the variations named in the previous sentence; "With GPT-6 selected" is not narrated because naming a glued brand-plus-digit token is a text-to-speech garble risk and the model is named once, in scene 3, in the house three-word form; no comma and no list.(First-party OpenAI customer story titled "Higgsfield AI ships new video features in a day with GPT-6 Astra", published in OpenAI's Startup customer-story series and dated September 21 2026 at article.txt lines 30 to 33; OpenAI is both the publisher and the vendor whose API Higgsfield pays to use, with the page's own metadata block reading "Company size: Startup" / "Region: North America" / "Industry: Technology" / "Products: API" at lines 35 to 42, so every claim on the page is self-reported by Higgsfield or published by OpenAI on Higgsfield's behalf; article.txt contains no metric, no benchmark, no independent test and no third-party coverage anywhere, and the only figure in the whole body is the illustrative example prompt at line 57; the page is vendor marketing collateral and not an announcement, carrying "Start building" calls to action at line 34 and line 66 and an "OpenAI <3 startups / Join the community" block at lines 64 to 65, and the word "ships" in the headline refers to Higgsfield shipping its own features, not to any release by OpenAI; openai.com returns 403 to WebFetch so the alert-time snapshot captured at article.txt line 2 (2026-09-21T20:01:32.591Z) is the source of record; the page body lists "Region: North America" at lines 37 to 38, which is inside the channel's US focus; yt-dlp returned 0 of 5 transcripts so there is no corroboration pool and no outside channel is named. Curly quotation marks and non-breaking hyphens in the snapshot were normalized to plain ones in the quotations below.)
- COVERS: SCENE 3 SENTENCE ONE. NARRATED: "OpenAI writes that GPT six Astra also speeds feature development inside Higgsfield." SUPPORT: article.txt line 62, which is OpenAI's own prose and not a quotation, "Inside Higgsfield, GPT-6 Astra helps a single engineer deliver new features within a day", supported by line 53, "GPT-6 Astra supports both sides of that mission: improving ad creation for customers and accelerating feature development inside Higgsfield." WORDING: "OpenAI writes that" is the attribution precisely because line 62 and line 53 are OpenAI's own prose rather than something the customer said inside quotation marks, and it is also a distinct attributive opening that no other sentence in the script shares; "also" carries the two-sided distinction line 53 draws between what the model does for Higgsfield's customers, narrated in scene 2, and what it does inside Higgsfield itself, narrated here; "speeds" replaces "accelerating" as the plainer verb; the model is spoken as "GPT six Astra", three separate words, matching the four published exemplars in this series, because glued brand-plus-digit tokens garble in text-to-speech and cost a voiceover re-roll, and this is now the ONLY place the model is named anywhere in the narration, while the scene cards and the title candidates still write GPT-6 Astra normally; the claim is attributed rather than asserted because it is the customer's own reported experience with no measurement behind it; the colon-joined two-part construction in line 53 is split so the narration carries no list, and the sentence has no comma.(First-party OpenAI customer story titled "Higgsfield AI ships new video features in a day with GPT-6 Astra", published in OpenAI's Startup customer-story series and dated September 21 2026 at article.txt lines 30 to 33; OpenAI is both the publisher and the vendor whose API Higgsfield pays to use, with the page's own metadata block reading "Company size: Startup" / "Region: North America" / "Industry: Technology" / "Products: API" at lines 35 to 42, so every claim on the page is self-reported by Higgsfield or published by OpenAI on Higgsfield's behalf; article.txt contains no metric, no benchmark, no independent test and no third-party coverage anywhere, and the only figure in the whole body is the illustrative example prompt at line 57; the page is vendor marketing collateral and not an announcement, carrying "Start building" calls to action at line 34 and line 66 and an "OpenAI <3 startups / Join the community" block at lines 64 to 65, and the word "ships" in the headline refers to Higgsfield shipping its own features, not to any release by OpenAI; openai.com returns 403 to WebFetch so the alert-time snapshot captured at article.txt line 2 (2026-09-21T20:01:32.591Z) is the source of record; the page body lists "Region: North America" at lines 37 to 38, which is inside the channel's US focus; yt-dlp returned 0 of 5 transcripts so there is no corroboration pool and no outside channel is named. Curly quotation marks and non-breaking hyphens in the snapshot were normalized to plain ones in the quotations below.)
- COVERS: SCENE 3 SENTENCE TWO. NARRATED: "The chief executive points to long horizon task planning." SUPPORT: article.txt line 62, "Alex attributes that speed to Astra's long-horizon task planning, its ability to plan work across multiple steps, and the close collaboration between Higgsfield's creative team and engineers", with the speaker identified at line 55 and again at line 60 as "Alex Mashrabov, Co-founder and CEO, Higgsfield AI." WORDING: only the FIRST of line 62's three listed items is narrated, because a comma-separated list of three or more items measurably slows the read from about 2.65 words per second to about 2.18 and overruns the sixty second promise, which this script already breached once at 123 words and 57.9 seconds of audio; the two dropped items are the multi-step planning gloss, which is close to a restatement of long horizon planning anyway, and the creative team collaboration, which is about Higgsfield's staffing rather than about the model; the possessive "Astra's" is deliberately dropped and the referent is carried from sentence one instead, which is where the model is named; no pronoun is used for Alex Mashrabov anywhere in the narration because the page never states their pronouns, and the name itself is not spoken because a pronunciation miss costs a full voiceover re-roll, so it is carried on the scene 3 title card instead; the hyphen is removed from "long-horizon" because hyphenated compounds stutter in text-to-speech; REPAIR NOTE, this sentence now shares NO content word at all with scene 3 sentence one, which is the fix for a local Whisper repetition loop that duplicated this exact sentence in two consecutive cycles: cycle 1 stamped 25 zero-duration phantom tokens in three bursts at 6.58s, 29.98s and 30.50s, and cycle 2 stamped 8 zero-duration phantom tokens all at 32.36s, while in both cycles overlapping-window transcription reconstructed the script correctly, proving the rendered audio itself was clean both times and the failure was a transcriber artifact; in cycle 1 the two sentences of this scene shared the content word "credits" and in cycle 2 they shared "Astra", and that lexical overlap sitting across the transcriber's thirty second window boundary was the loop fuel; "points to" is the literal reading of "attributes" and carries the attribution the gate requires.(First-party OpenAI customer story titled "Higgsfield AI ships new video features in a day with GPT-6 Astra", published in OpenAI's Startup customer-story series and dated September 21 2026 at article.txt lines 30 to 33; OpenAI is both the publisher and the vendor whose API Higgsfield pays to use, with the page's own metadata block reading "Company size: Startup" / "Region: North America" / "Industry: Technology" / "Products: API" at lines 35 to 42, so every claim on the page is self-reported by Higgsfield or published by OpenAI on Higgsfield's behalf; article.txt contains no metric, no benchmark, no independent test and no third-party coverage anywhere, and the only figure in the whole body is the illustrative example prompt at line 57; the page is vendor marketing collateral and not an announcement, carrying "Start building" calls to action at line 34 and line 66 and an "OpenAI <3 startups / Join the community" block at lines 64 to 65, and the word "ships" in the headline refers to Higgsfield shipping its own features, not to any release by OpenAI; openai.com returns 403 to WebFetch so the alert-time snapshot captured at article.txt line 2 (2026-09-21T20:01:32.591Z) is the source of record; the page body lists "Region: North America" at lines 37 to 38, which is inside the channel's US focus; yt-dlp returned 0 of 5 transcripts so there is no corroboration pool and no outside channel is named. Curly quotation marks and non-breaking hyphens in the snapshot were normalized to plain ones in the quotations below.)
- COVERS: SCENE 4 SENTENCE ONE, the first half of the honesty beat. NARRATED: "OpenAI published this story about a company that buys its models." SUPPORT: article.txt line 1 and line 3 establish publisher and title, "SOURCE URL: https://openai.com/index/higgsfield-from-prompt-to-production-with-astra" and "TITLE: Higgsfield AI ships new video features in a day with GPT-6 Astra"; lines 29 to 32 show the OpenAI masthead, the September 21 2026 dateline and the "Startup" customer-story label; the commercial relationship is recorded in the metadata block at lines 41 to 42, "Products: / API", and is visible throughout the body at lines 53, 57 and 62 where Higgsfield's product is described running on GPT-6 Astra; the page also carries the vendor sales calls to action at line 34 and line 66, "Start building", and the "OpenAI <3 startups / Join the community" block at lines 64 to 65. WORDING: the sentence opens "OpenAI published this story" rather than "This is OpenAI's customer story", a word-count cut only, and "published" also serves as a distinct verb so this sentence does not share an attributive opening with any other; the publisher and the paying relationship are both named in full and are never softened into a pronoun; the piece is called a story and never a launch, an announcement or a release, because nothing on the page is new from OpenAI, and timeline-probes.json shows GPT-6 Astra and Higgsfield ad workflows already circulating on YouTube from 2026-09-04 and 2026-09-10 onward; the date is never spoken in narration.(First-party OpenAI customer story titled "Higgsfield AI ships new video features in a day with GPT-6 Astra", published in OpenAI's Startup customer-story series and dated September 21 2026 at article.txt lines 30 to 33; OpenAI is both the publisher and the vendor whose API Higgsfield pays to use, with the page's own metadata block reading "Company size: Startup" / "Region: North America" / "Industry: Technology" / "Products: API" at lines 35 to 42, so every claim on the page is self-reported by Higgsfield or published by OpenAI on Higgsfield's behalf; article.txt contains no metric, no benchmark, no independent test and no third-party coverage anywhere, and the only figure in the whole body is the illustrative example prompt at line 57; the page is vendor marketing collateral and not an announcement, carrying "Start building" calls to action at line 34 and line 66 and an "OpenAI <3 startups / Join the community" block at lines 64 to 65, and the word "ships" in the headline refers to Higgsfield shipping its own features, not to any release by OpenAI; openai.com returns 403 to WebFetch so the alert-time snapshot captured at article.txt line 2 (2026-09-21T20:01:32.591Z) is the source of record; the page body lists "Region: North America" at lines 37 to 38, which is inside the channel's US focus; yt-dlp returned 0 of 5 transcripts so there is no corroboration pool and no outside channel is named. Curly quotation marks and non-breaking hyphens in the snapshot were normalized to plain ones in the quotations below.)
- COVERS: SCENE 4 SENTENCE TWO, the second half of the honesty beat. NARRATED: "Every claim comes from Higgsfield with no independent testing." SUPPORT: both direct quotations on the page are the same Higgsfield executive, at line 54 and line 59, each attributed at line 55 and line 60 to "Alex Mashrabov, Co-founder and CEO, Higgsfield AI"; every remaining assertion is OpenAI's own prose about its own paying customer at lines 53, 57, 58, 62 and 63; no analyst, no regulator, no journalist, no benchmark, no test harness and no third-party publication is named anywhere in article.txt, and the transcript pool is empty because yt-dlp returned 0 of 5 captures, so there is no outside corroboration of any kind. The body contains no measured outcome at all; the sole number, the 100 at line 57, sits inside an example request a user would type. WORDING: "with no independent testing" drops the earlier "no measured result and", which is a pure word-count cut and not a softening, because hook sentence two already states "The story reports no measured results" in the first five seconds of the video, so the honesty beat still carries both halves of the disclosure; "no independent testing" is a statement about what the source document contains rather than an accusation that the claims are false, which is the defensible framing; "every claim" deliberately covers the material the script did not narrate as well as what it did, including the second CEO quotation at line 59, "this is where we have seen major improvements with the GPT-6 model", which was left out of narration entirely because it is an unmeasured comparative, and line 63's "brings new creative tools to market faster", which was rejected both as an unmeasured comparative and as a figure of speech; the sentence carries no comma and no list, and it is the closing beat so it is kept short and plain.(First-party OpenAI customer story titled "Higgsfield AI ships new video features in a day with GPT-6 Astra", published in OpenAI's Startup customer-story series and dated September 21 2026 at article.txt lines 30 to 33; OpenAI is both the publisher and the vendor whose API Higgsfield pays to use, with the page's own metadata block reading "Company size: Startup" / "Region: North America" / "Industry: Technology" / "Products: API" at lines 35 to 42, so every claim on the page is self-reported by Higgsfield or published by OpenAI on Higgsfield's behalf; article.txt contains no metric, no benchmark, no independent test and no third-party coverage anywhere, and the only figure in the whole body is the illustrative example prompt at line 57; the page is vendor marketing collateral and not an announcement, carrying "Start building" calls to action at line 34 and line 66 and an "OpenAI <3 startups / Join the community" block at lines 64 to 65, and the word "ships" in the headline refers to Higgsfield shipping its own features, not to any release by OpenAI; openai.com returns 403 to WebFetch so the alert-time snapshot captured at article.txt line 2 (2026-09-21T20:01:32.591Z) is the source of record; the page body lists "Region: North America" at lines 37 to 38, which is inside the channel's US focus; yt-dlp returned 0 of 5 transcripts so there is no corroboration pool and no outside channel is named. Curly quotation marks and non-breaking hyphens in the snapshot were normalized to plain ones in the quotations below.)
